QWOP

four cilia, four keys, and something eating you

You are a cell with four cilia

Q
W
O
P

One key per cilium, left to right. Hold to make it beat. Tap to restart its stroke.

They are slightly detuned, so holding all four just lets them drift apart and saw at each other. Tap in rhythm to drag them back into phase — in phase they bundle, and a bundle is fast.

Drive one side to turn. Swim quietly or things will hear you.

What the four keys do

QWOP's real idea was never "hard controls" — it was taking away the verb you expected. You asked to run and it handed you the layer underneath, so locomotion stopped being a button and became a skill. The flagella model already had that layer, and the organism came with a gift: Pterosperma has four cilia. One per key.

KeyCiliumWhat it does
Qouter leftHold and dynein engages — that cilium beats, ramping from its idle 10 Hz up to a 95 Hz power stroke. Release and it unfurls and slows again.
Winner left
Oinner right
Pouter right

Tapping is different from holding. A key press resets that cilium to the start of its power stroke. That is the whole game, because of the thing sitting between hold and tap:

The cilia are detuned. Each runs at a slightly different intrinsic frequency, as real cilia do. Hold all four down and within a second or two they have drifted out of phase, their thrust vectors start pointing in different directions, they partly cancel, and the leftover torque spins you. Four cilia in phase pull together into one compound cilium — which is the thing the real organism does to swim — and that is far faster than four filaments arguing.

So you cannot just hold everything down. You have to re-tap, in rhythm, to drag them back into phase. Watch the four phase dials under the keys: when they converge you are bundled, and the cell glows. Roughly a quarter of a second between taps is a good place to start.

On a phone

Four buttons appear under the game, one per cilium, in the same colours as the filaments they drive. They are real multi-touch — press two, three or all four at once, which you will need to, because that is the game. Tap anywhere on the title or the death screen to start a run. The on-canvas letter badges drop out when the buttons are showing, leaving just the four phase dials, since those are the part the buttons cannot tell you.

Turning, and why it costs you

Steering falls out of the same mechanic. Drive only the left pair and the thrust acts off-centre at the front of the cell, so you turn — and because you have stopped driving the other two, your bundle collapses while you do it. Every dodge is paid for in the speed you spent effort building. That is the decision the game is made of.

Why staying still is a strategy

This part is straight out of the paper. A real Pterosperma is stopped 96.6% of the time, and the authors read it as a sit-and-wait animal. Here that statistic becomes a tactic: a beating cell pushes a flow signature that predators feel from a long way off, and a stopped one is nearly invisible. The dashed ring around you is how far you can currently be heard. Sprinting is how you make distance and how you get eaten.

Hunts byCounterplay
copepodPatrols, hears a moderate distance, gives up quicklyYou can outswim it. Just go.
medusaSits still, hears a very long way, slow to startGo quiet early and drift past. Do not sprint near one.
arrow wormShort-sighted but faster than you, and relentlessIt must not hear you at all. Once it has you, it has you.

What is real and what is not

The cilia are not animation. Each one is a full instance of the model in ../proteus/flagella.js — the Chebyshev waveform, the linear dispersion relation setting its wavelength from its frequency, and Gray & Hancock resistive force theory turning its travelling wave into thrust. The body is overdamped, as anything this small must be: there is no inertia and nothing coasts, so velocity is force over drag and releasing every key stops you almost at once. Everything comes from Embodied behavioural complexity in a ciliated microorganism, Nature Communications 17, 8445 (2026).

Four things are the game's and not the paper's, and are marked as such in game.js: how much a bundle helps (set by the skill gradient it produces), how readily the cell turns (the true value is far too sluggish to dodge with), a symmetric four-cilium arrangement in place of the real 3+1 one so that left and right steer alike, and the predators, which are invented entirely. The detune, the mirrored left/right beating, and the phase-reset are all real ciliary behaviour — Chlamydomonas swims straight precisely because its flagella beat as a mirrored pair.

There is a variant at /graze/ where the beating costs ATP and there is prey as well as predators — and where the paper's 96.6% is left to emerge from the economics instead of being quoted at you.

The instrument at /flag/ shows the same model with every measurement it came from; the amoeba at /proteus/ hangs it off a crawling cell instead.

And two more keep the four keys but throw the biology away: /qgol/ is Conway's Life with a generation split across Q W O P, three keys that mark and one that commits; /griddle/ is a pancake station where the face that is cooking is the one you cannot see.